Fasting and Inflammation in the Body

Fasting has been widely studied in the form of intermittent fasting and Ramadan fasting. One of the most consistent findings is its effect on inflammation: a review of 18 studies in 2022 proved that intermittent fasting significantly lowers C-reactive protein (CRP), a blood marker of inflammation.

Chronic inflammation is linked to diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. By suppressing inflammation markers, fasting is believed to help protect the body from these diseases. Researchers have also noted autophagy during fasting — the process of clearing and recycling damaged cells.

Heart, Cholesterol, and Body Weight

Cardiovascular disease remains the world’s leading cause of death. Research shows alternate-day fasting can lower total cholesterol and various other cardiovascular risk factors in overweight individuals. A 2024 PMC review added that fasting improves insulin sensitivity, improves lipid metabolism, and lowers blood pressure.

For weight, a 2022 scientific review found intermittent fasting effective at reducing body weight and visceral fat — the abdominal fat closely tied to metabolic disease risk — compared with simply restricting calories every day.

The Brain and Digestive System Benefit Too

Research by Dr. Mark Mattson of the National Institute on Aging found that fasting can improve cognitive function and protect the brain from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Meanwhile, during fasting the digestive system gets a chance to rest, allowing gut cells to repair themselves.

Research on Ramadan fasters also found no dangerous changes in blood chemistry. Blood sugar does drop before iftar, but not to levels that endanger health.

Important Note: Fasting Is Not for Everyone

Despite the promising scientific evidence, fasting is not suitable for everyone. People with diabetes, heart disease, eating disorders, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and elderly people with certain conditions should consult a doctor before fasting.

For those who fast, make sure fluid intake is adequate at suhoor and iftar, and avoid overeating when breaking the fast so the benefits are not lost.