High-Mercury Fish

Not all fish are safe for pregnant women. Large fish such as shark, marlin, swordfish, and tuna in large amounts contain high mercury levels that can impair the fetus's nervous system development and even affect the baby's growth and intelligence later on.

Pregnant women can still enjoy fish as a source of protein and omega-3s that benefit the fetus. Safer choices include shrimp, salmon, and catfish — provided they are cooked thoroughly and eaten in limited amounts, around 8–12 ounces per week.

Raw or Undercooked Foods

Foods that are not fully cooked risk carrying dangerous bacteria and parasites. Sushi, sashimi, pink-centered steak, soft-boiled eggs, and raw shellfish can harbor Salmonella and Listeria bacteria as well as Toxoplasma parasites, risking miscarriage or serious infection of the fetus.

To stay safe, make sure meat, poultry, fish, and eggs are fully cooked before eating — the food's internal temperature should exceed 63 degrees Celsius. Also store raw and cooked ingredients separately in the fridge to prevent cross-contamination.

Unpasteurized Dairy and Processed Meats

Raw milk and soft cheeses without pasteurization labels — such as brie, camembert, and blue-veined cheeses — risk carrying Listeria bacteria. Listeriosis infection in pregnant women can be fatal, ranging from miscarriage to stillbirth. Always check labels and choose products clearly marked as pasteurized.

Cold processed meats such as sausages, ham, and hot dogs also risk bacterial contamination during storage. If you want to eat them, heat them until completely cooked and steaming. When in doubt about safety, it is best to avoid them entirely during pregnancy.

Alcohol, Caffeine, and Myths to Straighten Out

All forms of alcohol — liquor, wine, and beer — can harm the fetus, so avoid them entirely during pregnancy. Caffeine should also be limited to a maximum of 200–300 mg per day, equal to 1–2 cups of coffee, and skip energy drinks with their high caffeine content.

Meanwhile, the belief that pineapple causes miscarriage is merely an unproven myth. What actually warrants caution includes unripe papaya as well as beef and chicken liver due to their high vitamin A content. Also avoid medications not prescribed by a doctor. For guidance best suited to your condition, consult an obstetrician.